Atmosphere · Ocean · Hydrology · Cryosphere · Biosphere
Planetary Systems Architecture
A coupled-system architecture that prevents a local improvement from being mistaken for a global benefit.

Everything is connected. Everything reacts.
GARN treats atmospheric circulation, ocean heat, hydrology, ice, ecosystems, energy infrastructure, and communities as linked control volumes. A proposed action is evaluated both where it acts and where its effects can propagate.
AtmosphereHeat, moisture, circulation, chemistry, clouds, precipitation, aerosols.
OceanUpper-ocean heat, mixing, currents, stratification, oxygen, pH, air–sea exchange.
HydrologySoil moisture, snow water, rivers, groundwater, reservoirs, runoff, evapotranspiration.
Cryosphere & BiosphereIce, permafrost, albedo, ecosystems, biomass, biodiversity, fire, carbon-water exchange.

